Maximizing far-field optical microscopy resolution through selected fluorophore transitions

نویسندگان

  • Stefan W. Hell
  • Jürgen Wolfrum
چکیده

Stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy and related nanoscopy techniques, which utilize a saturable optical transition between a bright and a dark state, overcome the diffraction barrier by confining one of the states to an area smaller than the Airy disk. Scanning this area across the specimen yields subdiffraction images by registering inseparable fluorescent markers sequentially in time. Despite the progress made in nanoscopy so far, maximizing the resolution has been hampered by the efficiency of the utilized optical transition and the photostability of the fluorophores. Here, the optical transition responsible for breaking the barrier was studied in order to maximize its efficiency. For a range of fluorophores (dyes, proteins, quantum dots, color centers) the nature of the responsible process could be clarified. It was also investigated whether heat could serve as an imaging contrast to provide an alternative to fluorescence. This work demonstrates a resolving power of down to 6 nm in unprocessed recordings, corresponding to λ/135, which is to date the highest obtained in far-field optics. These measurements, which show no sign of photobleaching or blinking, were performed with diamond color centers using STED and ground state depletion (GSD) microscopy. Zusammenfassung: Die STED(engl. ”stimulated emission depletion”) Mikroskopie und verwandte Nanoskopie-Methoden, die einen sättigbaren optischen Übergang zwischen einem hellen und einem dunklen Zustand benutzen, überwinden die Beugungsgrenze, in dem sie einen dieser Zustände räumlich enger als die Beugungsgrenze einschränken. Überaufgelöste Bilder erhält man, indem man diesen Bereich über die Probe rastert und so benachbarte fluoreszienende Marker zeitlich sequentiell aufnimmt. Trotz vieler Fortschritte in der Nanoskopie war die Auflösung in der Anwendung beschränkt durch die Effizienz des verwendenten optischen Übergangs und die Photostabilität der Fluorophore. In dieser Arbeit wurde der optische Übergang, der die Überwindung der Beugungsgrenze ermöglicht, untersucht, um seine Effizienz zu steigern. Es konnte für eine Reihe von Fluorophoren (Farbstoffe, Proteine, Quanten-Dots, Farbzentren) die Frage des zugrundeliegenden Prozesses geklärt werden. Desweiteren wurde untersucht, ob sich Wärme als alternativer Bildkontrast zu Fluoreszenz eignet. Es wurde ein Auflösungsvermögen von bis zu 6 nm in Rohdaten, entsprechend λ/135, erreicht, was die zur Zeit höchste Auflösung im Fernfeld darstellt. Diese Messungen, die weder Photobleichen oder Blinken aufweisen, wurden an Diamant-Farbzentren durchgeführt unter Anwendung der STEDund der GSD(engl. ”ground state depletion”) Mikroskopie.

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

Breaking the diffraction barrier in fluorescence microscopy by optical shelving.

We report the breaking of the diffraction resolution barrier in far-field fluorescence microscopy by transiently shelving the fluorophore in a metastable dark state. Using a relatively modest light intensity of several kW/cm(2) in a focal distribution featuring a local zero, we confine the fluorescence emission to a spot whose diameter is a fraction of the wavelength of light. Nanoscale far-fie...

متن کامل

BREAKING the DIFFRACTION BARRIER by SELECTIVE CONTROL OF NEAR- and FAR- FIELD OPTICAL MODES Concept, Metric and Bio-Applications

I. GOAL and OBJECTIVES The development of a new Integrated Nearand FarField Optics (INFO) method for overcoming the diffraction-limited lateral-resolution that hampers conventional microscopy is proposed. It envisions the use of a) a metal-coated near-field probe, to optically isolate, one at a time, sparse fluorophore markers within a region of subwavelength dimension; and b) a far-field local...

متن کامل

Lens-based fluorescence nanoscopy.

The majority of studies of the living cell rely on capturing images using fluorescence microscopy. Unfortunately, for centuries, diffraction of light was limiting the spatial resolution in the optical microscope: structural and molecular details much finer than about half the wavelength of visible light (~200 nm) could not be visualized, imposing significant limitations on this otherwise so pro...

متن کامل

Eliminating unwanted far-field excitation in objective-type TIRF. Part I. identifying sources of nonevanescent excitation light.

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) achieves subdiffraction axial sectioning by confining fluorophore excitation to a thin layer close to the cell/substrate boundary. However, it is often unknown how thin this light sheet actually is. Particularly in objective-type TIRFM, large deviations from the exponential intensity decay expected for pure evanescence have been reported...

متن کامل

Analytical description of STED microscopy performance.

Stimulated emission depletion (STED) resolves fluorescent features that are closer than the far-field optical diffraction limit by applying a spatially modulated light field keeping all but one of these features dark consecutively. For estimating the efficiency of transient fluorophore darkening, we developed analytical equations considering the spatio-temporal intensity profile of the STED bea...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

عنوان ژورنال:

دوره   شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 2010